Isotype heterojunction solar cells using n-type Sb2Se3 thin films

Hobson, Theodore D. C., Phillips, Laurie J., Hutter, Oliver, Shiel, Huw, Swallow, Jack E. N., Savory, Christopher N., Nayak, Pabitra K., Mariotti, Silvia, Das, Bhaskar, Bowen, Leon, Jones, Leanne A. H., Featherstone, Thomas J., Smiles, Matthew J., Farnworth, Mark A., Zoppi, Guillaume, Thakur, Pardeep K., Lee, Tien-Lin, Snaith, Henry J., Leighton, Chris, Scanlon, David O., Dhanak, Vinod R., Durose, Ken, Veal, Tim D. and Major, Jonathan D. (2020) Isotype heterojunction solar cells using n-type Sb2Se3 thin films. Chemistry of Materials, 32 (6). pp. 2621-2630. ISSN 0897-4756

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Abstract

The carrier-type of the emerging photovoltaic Sb2Se3 was evaluated for both thin films and bulk crystals via a range of complementary techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hot probe, Hall effect, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy showed films and crystals synthesized from the Sb2Se3 granulate material to be n-type with chlorine identified as an unintentional n-type dopant via secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. The validity of chlorine as a dopant was confirmed by the synthesis of intrinsic crystals from metallic precursors and subsequent deliberate n-type doping by the addition of MgCl2. Chlorine was also shown to be a substitutional n-type shallow dopant by density functional theory calculations. TiO2/Sb2Se3 n–n isotype heterojunction solar cells with 7.3% efficiency are subsequently demonstrated, with band alignment analyzed via XPS.

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