Phytochemicals in regulating fatty acid β-oxidation: Potential underlying mechanisms and their involvement in obesity and weight loss

Rupasinghe, Vasantha, Sekhhon-Loodu, Satvir, Mantso, Theodora and Panagiotidis, Mihalis (2016) Phytochemicals in regulating fatty acid β-oxidation: Potential underlying mechanisms and their involvement in obesity and weight loss. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 165. pp. 153-163. ISSN 0163-7258

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.005

Abstract

Excessive accumulation of fat as the result of more energy intake and less energy expenditure is known as obesity. Lipids are essential components in the human body and are vital for maintaining homeostasis and physiological as well as cellular metabolism. Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism (by fatty acid oxidation) are normal part of basic fuel metabolism in animals. Fatty acids are degraded in the mitochondria by a biochemical process called β-oxidation in which two-carbon fragments are produced in each cycle. The increase in fatty acid β-oxidation is negatively correlated with body mass index. Although healthy life style, avoiding Western diet, dieting and strenuous exercise are the commonly used methods to lose weight, they are not considered a permanent solution in addition to risk attenuation of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Pharmacotherapy offers benefits of weight loss by altering the satiety and lowering absorption of fat from the food; however, its side effects may outweigh the benefits of weight loss. Alternatively, dietary phytochemicals and natural health products offer great potential as an efficient weight loss strategy by modulating lipid metabolism and/or increasing BMR and thermogenesis. Specifically, polyphenols such as citrus flavonoids, green tea epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, capsaicin and curcumin, have been reported to increase lipolysis and induce fatty acid β-oxidation through modulation of hormone sensitive lipase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, carnitine acyl transferase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1. In this review article, we discuss selected phytochemicals in relation to their integrated functionalities and specific mechanisms for weight loss.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Lipid metabolism; Obesity; Weight loss; Beta-oxidation; Phytochemicals; Epigenetics
Subjects: A100 Pre-clinical Medicine
B100 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology
B200 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy
B400 Nutrition
B900 Others in Subjects allied to Medicine
C100 Biology
C900 Others in Biological Sciences
Department: Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Applied Sciences
Depositing User: Mihalis Panagiotidis
Date Deposited: 19 Oct 2016 13:29
Last Modified: 01 Aug 2021 04:50
URI: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/28085

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