Stable Polymorphs Crystallized Directly under Thermodynamic Control in Three-Dimensional Nanoconfinement: A Generic Methodology

Nicholson, Kate, Chen, Cen, Mendis, Budhika and Cooper, Sharon J. (2011) Stable Polymorphs Crystallized Directly under Thermodynamic Control in Three-Dimensional Nanoconfinement: A Generic Methodology. Crystal Growth & Design, 11 (2). pp. 363-366. ISSN 1528-7483

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Abstract

Thermodynamic control of crystallization has been achieved to produce stable polymorphs directly by using three-dimensional (3D) nanoconfinement in microemulsions. The theoretical basis for thermodynamic control of crystallization using 3D nanoconfinement is outlined. Our approach leap-frogs the usual metastable polymorph pathway because crystallization becomes governed by the ability to form stable nuclei, rather than critical nuclei. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by crystallizing the stable polymorph of three "problem" compounds from microemulsions under conditions yielding metastable forms in bulk solution. The polymorphic compounds are mefenamic acid (2-[(2,3-(dimethylphenyl)amino] benzoic acid), glycine (aminoethanoic acid), and the highly polymorphic 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl) amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile, commonly known as ROY because of its red, orange, and yellow polymorphs. Application of this methodology should prevent another Ritonavir-type disaster, whereby a marketed drug transforms into a more stable form, reducing its bioavailability and effectiveness. The lowest energy nuclei selectively grow in our approach. Consequently, this also provides a generic method for producing higher crystallinity materials, which may prove beneficial for crystallizing proteins and inorganic nanocrystals.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	F100 Chemistry
Department:	Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Applied Sciences
Depositing User:	Paul Burns
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2018 14:11
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2019 19:45
URI:	http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/35141

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