Improving the normalization of complex interventions: Part 2 - Validation of the NoMAD instrument for assessing implementation work based on Normalization Process Theory (NPT)

Finch, Tracy, Girling, Melissa, May, Carl, Mair, Frances, Murray, Elizabeth, Treweek, Shaun, McColl, Elaine, Steen, Ian, Cook, Clare, Vernazza, Christopher, Mackintosh, Nicola, Sharma, Samridh, Barbery, Gaery, Steele, Jimmy and Rapley, Tim (2018) Improving the normalization of complex interventions: Part 2 - Validation of the NoMAD instrument for assessing implementation work based on Normalization Process Theory (NPT). BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18. p. 135. ISSN 1471-2288

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Abstract

Introduction - Successful implementation and embedding of new health care practices relies on co-ordinated, collective behaviour of individuals working within the constraints of health care settings. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) provides a theory of implementation that emphasises collective action in explaining, and shaping, the embedding of new practices. To extend the practical utility of NPT for improving implementation success, an instrument (NoMAD) was developed and validated.

Methods - Descriptive analysis and psychometric testing of an instrument developed by the authors, through an iterative process that included item generation, consensus methods, item appraisal, and cognitive testing. A 46 item questionnaire was tested in 6 sites implementing health related interventions, using paper and online completion. Participants were staff directly involved in working with the interventions. Descriptive analysis and consensus methods were used to remove redundancy, reducing the final tool to 23 items. Data were subject to confirmatory factor analysis which sought to confirm the theoretical structure within the sample.

Results - We obtained 831 completed questionnaires, an average response rate of 39% (range: 22–77%). Full completion of items was 50% (n = 413). The confirmatory factor analysis showed the model achieved acceptable fit (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.03). Construct validity of the four theoretical constructs of NPT was supported, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) were as follows: Coherence (4 items, α = 0.71); Collective Action (7 items, α = 0.78); Cognitive Participation (4 items, α = 0.81); Reflexive Monitoring (5 items, α = 0.65). The normalisation scale overall, was highly reliable (20 items, α = 0.89).

Conclusions - The NoMAD instrument has good face validity, construct validity and internal consistency, for assessing staff perceptions of factors relevant to embedding interventions that change their work practices. Uses in evaluating and guiding implementation are proposed.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Funding information: This study is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council Study [Grant Number RES-062-23-3274] which is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also partially supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 733025, ImpleMentAll project. This content reflects only the author’s view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.The Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, receives core funding from the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates. CRV was funded by a Clinician Scientist award supported by the National Institute for Health Research during this independent research. Availability of data and materials The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are deposited on UK Datashare (record 852,387). Further information is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Subjects: L500 Social Work
Department: Faculties > Business and Law > Newcastle Business School
Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Nursing, Midwifery and Health
Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing
Depositing User: Becky Skoyles
Date Deposited: 05 Nov 2018 11:33
Last Modified: 31 Jul 2021 15:50
URI: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/36497

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