Review on classification of resonant converters for electric vehicle application

Deshmukh (Gore), Sheetal, Iqbal, Atif, Islam, Shirazul, Khan, Irfan, Marzband, Mousa, Rahman, Syed and Al-Wahedi, Abdullah M.A.B. (2022) Review on classification of resonant converters for electric vehicle application. Energy Reports, 8. pp. 1091-1113. ISSN 2352-4847

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.12.013

Abstract

The conventional hard-switching converters suffer from the limitations like the upper limit on switching frequency, high electromagnetic interference (EMI), more switching losses, large size, increased weight and low efficiency. To overcome these limitations, resonant converters are popularly used in chargers of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the detailed classification of resonant converters used in EVs is not sufficiently discussed in the literature. The guideline to select a resonant converter based topology required to charge an EV on the basis of its rating is not mentioned. To fill this gap, this paper presents a state-of-art literature survey of various resonant converter based topologies used in chargers of EVs. This paper focuses on a detailed classification of resonant converters used in the second stage of EV chargers. Further, it provides a guideline to designers to choose a converter topology used in the first stage and the second stage of EV charger required based on wattage, unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. Depending on the number of reactive elements present in a given resonant converter topology, these are classified as two-element, three-element, and multi-element resonant converters. Depending upon the connection of inductive (L) and capacitive (C) elements with respect to transformer winding, these converter topologies are further categorized as series, parallel (two-elements), inductor–inductor–capacitor (LLC) (three-element) and capacitor–inductor–inductor–capacitor (CLLC) (Multi-elements). However, the LLC type resonant converters offer high efficiency, zero-voltage switching (ZVS turn-on, turn-off) and low voltage stress on switches and high power density. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on LLC type resonant converter topology. In addition, various modulation schemes and control schemes for LLC, CLLC resonant converter along with control of active power and reactive power are discussed for vehicle-2-grid (V2G) mode of operation.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Funding Information: This publication, is made possible by NPRP grant #[ 13S-0108-2000228 ] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The APC for the article is funded by the Qatar National Library, Doha, Qatar.
Uncontrolled Keywords: CLLC converter, Electric vehicle, LLC, Resonant converter, Resonant tank circuit
Subjects: H600 Electronic and Electrical Engineering
H800 Chemical, Process and Energy Engineering
Department: Faculties > Engineering and Environment > Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering
Depositing User: Rachel Branson
Date Deposited: 04 Jan 2022 16:51
Last Modified: 05 Jan 2022 09:00
URI: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48074

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