Genetic mechanisms of apomixis

Spielman, Melissa, Vinkenoog, Rinke and Scott, Rod (2003) Genetic mechanisms of apomixis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358 (1434). pp. 1095-1103. ISSN 0962-8436

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Abstract

The introduction of apomixis to crops would allow desirable genotypes to be propagated while preventing undesirable gene flow, but so far there has been little success in transferring this trait from a natural apomict to another species. One explanation is the sensitivity of endosperm to changes in relative maternal and paternal contribution owing to parental imprinting, an epigenetic system of transcriptional regulation by which some genes are expressed from only the maternally or paternally contributed allele. In sexual species, endosperm typically requires a ratio of two maternal genomes to one paternal genome for normal development, but this ratio is often altered in apomicts, suggesting that the imprinting system is altered as well. We present evidence that modification of DNA methylation is one mechanism by which the imprinting system could be altered to allow endosperm development in apomicts. Another feature of natural apomixis is the modification of the normal fertilization programme. Sexual reproduction uses both sperm from each pollen grain, but pseudogamous apomicts, which require a sexual endosperm to support the asexual embryo, often use just one. We present evidence that multiple fertilization of the central cell is possible in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that pseudogamous apomicts may also need to acquire a mechanism for preventing more than one sperm from contributing to the endosperm. We conclude that strategies to transfer apomixis to crop species should take account of endosperm development and particularly its sensitivity to parental imprinting, as well as the mechanism of fertilization.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	C100 Biology C200 Botany
Department:	Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Applied Sciences
Depositing User:	Becky Skoyles
Date Deposited:	09 Apr 2015 13:46
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2019 17:29
URI:	http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/22003

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