Invariants of automorphic lie algebras

Knibbeler, Vincent (2015) Invariants of automorphic lie algebras. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University.

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Abstract

Automorphic Lie Algebras arise in the context of reduction groups introduced in the late 1970s [35] in the field of integrable systems. They are subalgebras of Lie algebras over a ring of rational functions, denied by invariance under the action of a finite group, the reduction group. Since their introduction in 2005 [29, 31], mathematicians aimed to classify Automorphic Lie Algebras. Past work shows remarkable uniformity between the Lie algebras associated to different reduction groups. That is, many Automorphic Lie Algebras with nonisomorphic reduction groups are isomorphic [4, 30]. In this thesis we set out to find the origin of these observations by searching for properties that are independent of the reduction group, called invariants of Automorphic Lie Algebras.

The uniformity of Automorphic Lie Algebras with nonisomorphic reduction groups starts at the Riemann sphere containing the spectral parameter, restricting the finite groups to the polyhedral groups. Through the use of classical invariant theory and the properties of this class of groups it is shown that Automorphic Lie Algebras are freely generated modules over the polynomial ring in one variable. Moreover, the number of generators equals the dimension of the base Lie algebra, yielding an invariant. This allows the definition of the determinant of invariant vectors which will turn out to be another invariant. A surprisingly simple formula is given expressing this determinant as a monomial in ground forms.

All invariants are used to set up a structure theory for Automorphic Lie Algebras. This naturally leads to a cohomology theory for root systems. A first exploration of this structure theory narrows down the search for Automorphic Lie Algebras signicantly. Various particular cases are fully determined by their invariants, including most of the previously studied Automorphic Lie Algebras, thereby providing an explanation for their uniformity.In addition, the structure theory advances the classification project. For example, it clarifies the effect of a change in pole orbit resulting in various new Cartan-Weyl normal form generators for Automorphic Lie Algebras. From a more general perspective, the success of the structure theory and root system cohomology in absence of a field promises interesting theoretical developments for Lie algebras over a graded ring.

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