Stuck on you: face-to-face arousal and gaze aversion in Williams syndrome

Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth, Riby, Deborah, Calderwood, Lesley and Ainsworth, Leanne (2009) Stuck on you: face-to-face arousal and gaze aversion in Williams syndrome. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 14 (6). pp. 510-523. ISSN 1354-6805

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Abstract

Introduction. During face-to-face questioning typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. We investigate whether individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze, use GA to manage cognitive load and whether physiological arousal is associated with looking at faces. Methods. Two studies were conducted by: (1) recording changes in the participants' skin conductance levels whilst manipulating task difficulty and gaze direction and (2) calculating the amount of GA away from the experimenters' face whilst answering questions of varying difficulty. Results. In Study 1, WS was associated with general hypoarousal, and face arousal effects were found for both Williams syndrome and typically developing participants. In Study 2, participants with WS showed prolonged face gaze under high task demands; however, question difficulty did increase GA. Conclusions. Looking at faces is demanding, even for individuals with WS. Decreased physiological arousal may allow individuals with WS to hold face gaze for prolonged periods of time, but looking at faces does increase baseline arousal level. The results are discussed in terms of social skills training and teaching methods appropriate for WS.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Arousal, eye contact, gaze, Williams syndrome
Subjects:	C800 Psychology
Department:	Faculties > Health and Life Sciences > Psychology
Depositing User:	EPrint Services
Date Deposited:	18 Mar 2010 09:51
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2019 16:29
URI:	http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/3443

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