Bioinspired Sea-sponge Nanostructure Design of Ni/Ni(HCO3)2-on-C for Supercapacitor with Superior Anti-fading Capacity

Wu, Qingnan, Wen, Jiahao, Wen, Ming, Wu, Qingsheng and Fu, Yong Qing (2018) Bioinspired Sea-sponge Nanostructure Design of Ni/Ni(HCO3)2-on-C for Supercapacitor with Superior Anti-fading Capacity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6 (32). pp. 15781-15788. ISSN 2050-7488

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Abstract

Rational design of novel structures plays a key role to achieve high specific capacities and fast charge rates with a long cycling life for battery-type electrodes of supercapacitors. To tackle capacity fading issues of battery-type electrode materials for supercapacitors, a new approach is proposed to form a bioinspired sea-sponge nanostructure of Ni/Ni(HCO3)2-on-C, synthesized through modifying triangle nanoflakes of Ni(HCO3)2 with partially in-situ reduced Ni generated on sea-sponge-like porous carbon spheres (S-PCSs). The conductive skeleton of S-PCSs facilitates fast electron transfer and ion diffusion, and maintains the morphology of Ni(HCO3)2 triangle nanoflakes to ensure a high specific capacity of Ni/Ni(HCO3)2 nanoflakes. Simultaneously the in-situ reduced Ni acts as capacity reservoirs to prevent the fading of the specific capacity. When applied as a positive electrode material, such sea-sponge nanostructures of Ni/Ni(HCO3)2-on-C exhibit a high specific capacity (472 mAh g-1) with a good rate capability (66% capacity retention at 32 A g-1 vs 8 A g-1), superior reversibility and cyclability (92% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). An asymmetric supercapacitor based on Ni/Ni(HCO3)2-on-C//S-PCSs shows a high energy density of 51.3 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 4 kW kg-1 with a capacitance retention of 89.6% over 6,000 cycles.

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