Disrupted alternative splicing for genes implicated in splicing and ciliogenesis causes PRPF31 retinitis pigmentosa

Buskin, Adriana, Zhu, Lili, Chichagova, Valeria, Basu, Basudha, Mozaffari-Jovin, Sina, Dolan, David, Droop, Alastair, Collin, Joseph, Bronstein, Revital, Mehrotra, Sudeep, Farkas, Michael, Hilgen, Gerrit, White, Kathryn, Pan, Kuan-Ting, Treumann, Achim, Hallam, Dean, Bialas, Katarzyna, Chung, Git, Mellough, Carla, Ding, Yuchun, Krasnogor, Natalio, Przyborski, Stefan, Zwolinski, Simon, Al-Aama, Jumana, Alharthi, Sameer, Xu, Yaobo, Wheway, Gabrielle, Szymanska, Katarzyna, McKibbin, Martin, Inglehearn, Chris F., Elliott, David J., Lindsay, Susan, Ali, Robin R., Steel, David H., Armstrong, Lyle, Sernagor, Evelyne, Urlaub, Henning, Pierce, Eric, Lührmann, Reinhard, Grellscheid, Sushma-Nagaraja, Johnson, Colin A. and Lako, Majlinda (2018) Disrupted alternative splicing for genes implicated in splicing and ciliogenesis causes PRPF31 retinitis pigmentosa. Nature Communications, 9. p. 4234. ISSN 2041-1723

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Abstract

Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPFs) cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), but it is unclear why mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes cause non-syndromic retinal disease. Here, we generate transcriptome profiles from RP11 (PRPF31-mutated) patient-derived retinal organoids and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as Prpf31+/− mouse tissues, which revealed that disrupted alternative splicing occurred for specific splicing programmes. Mis-splicing of genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing proteins was limited to patient-specific retinal cells and Prpf31+/− mouse retinae and RPE. Mis-splicing of genes implicated in ciliogenesis and cellular adhesion was associated with severe RPE defects that include disrupted apical – basal polarity, reduced trans-epithelial resistance and phagocytic capacity, and decreased cilia length and incidence. Disrupted cilia morphology also occurred in patient-derived photoreceptors, associated with progressive degeneration and cellular stress. In situ gene editing of a pathogenic mutation rescued protein expression and key cellular phenotypes in RPE and photoreceptors, providing proof of concept for future therapeutic strategies.

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