Shining light into dark shadows of violence and learned helplessness: peace education in South Korean schools

Kwon, Soonjung, Walker, David Ian and Kristjánsson, Kristján (2018) Shining light into dark shadows of violence and learned helplessness: peace education in South Korean schools. Journal of Peace Education, 15 (1). pp. 24-47. ISSN 1740-0201

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Abstract

The paper illustrates how a culture of violence is perpetuated and reproduced in South Korea through schooling and argues that peace education could help transform a culture of violence to a culture of peace. Critical ethnographic methods and a framework of peace education were applied to a sample of secondary schools in South Korea to argue that a disturbing culture of violence and learned helplessness were present; this comprises themes of direct and indirect violence through iljin (a group of students who are considered key perpetrators of school violence); a colonized false ideology and resistance to social justice. More positively, findings are also used to generate possibilities for pedagogical change based on peace education – an approach that proves useful both as an analytical frame for examining peace-violence relations in education and society and as an essential pedagogy for progressing towards peace in South Korean schools.

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