Cross-country skiing and biathlon

Jones, Thomas and McGawley, Kerry (2022) Cross-country skiing and biathlon. In: Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing. Routledge, London, pp. 208-218. ISBN 9780367491338, 9780367492465, 9781003045281

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Abstract

Cross-country skiing (XC) and biathlon are physically demanding winter sports that involve a variety of competition formats, race durations and distances performed over mixed terrain and in challenging environmental conditions. The obvious distinction between the two sports is the component of marksmanship in biathlon, which involves both prone and standing shooting interspersed between repeated bouts of high-intensity skiing. In addition, biathlon uses the skate (or ‘freestyle’) technique exclusively, while XC involves both the skate and classic techniques. Within these two skiing techniques are a number of further sub-techniques (or ‘gears’) (Losnegard, 2019), and the choice of sub-technique is primarily determined by skiing speed and terrain (Andersson et al., 2010) (Figure 4.8.1).

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