Saokaew, Surasak, Streeter, Adam J., Rodgers, Lauren R., Masoli, Jane, Lin, Nan, Blé, Alessandro, Hamilton, Willie and Henley, William E. (2022) Real-world effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults: Cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PLoS ONE, 17 (10). e0275642. ISSN 1932-6203
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Abstract
Background: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for UK older adults, but how age moderates effectiveness is unclear. Methods: Three annual cohorts of primary-care patients aged≥65y from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink selected from 2003–5 created a natural experiment (n = 324,804), reflecting the staged introduction of the vaccine. The outcome was symptoms consistent with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) requiring antibiotics or hospitalisation. We used the prior event rate ratio (PERR) approach to address bias from unmeasured confounders. Results: Vaccinated patients had higher rates of CAP in the year before vaccination than their controls, indicating the potential for confounding bias. After adjustment for confounding using the prior event rate ratio (PERR) method, PPV23 was estimated to be effective against CAP for two years after vaccination in all age sub-groups with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93), 0.74 (0.65 to 0.85) and 0.65 (0.57 to 0.74) in patients aged 65–74, 75–79 and 80+ respectively in the 2005 cohort. Age moderated the effect of vaccination with predicted risk reductions of 8% at 65y and 29% at 80y. Conclusions: PPV23 is moderately effective at reducing CAP among UK patients aged≥65y, in the two years after vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness is maintained, and may increase, in the oldest age groups in step with increasing susceptibility to CAP.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding information: Funding: This work was supported by the local NIHR Applied Research Collaboration “Pen ARC”. The Medical Research Council (grant number G0902158) also funded William Henley and Nan Lin for their time on the project; and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research Aging Well programme (grant number: IS-SPH-0211-10100- SPHR SWPAWP-PR2) was awarded to Alessandro Ble´. Dr Jane Masoli is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), (NIHR Development and Skills Enhancement Fellowship, NIHR301445). |
| Subjects: | A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry |
| Department: | Faculties > Engineering and Environment > Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | John Coen |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Oct 2022 13:46 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Oct 2022 13:46 |
| URI: | https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/50395 |
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