Influence of curvature distribution smoothing on the reduction of aerofoil self-noise

Shen, Xiang, Avital, Eldad, Ikram, Zaheer, Yang, Liming, Korakianitis, Theodosios and Dala, Laurent (2023) Influence of curvature distribution smoothing on the reduction of aerofoil self-noise. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 33 (4). pp. 1379-1393. ISSN 0961-5539

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Abstract

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the influence of smooth curvature distributions on the self-noise of a low Reynolds number aerofoil and to unveil the flow mechanisms in the phenomenon.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper performed Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic performance of both the original aerofoil E387 and the redesigned aerofoil A7 in a time-dependent
study of boundary layer characteristics at Reynolds number 100,000 and Angle of Attack 4-degree. The aerofoil A7 is redesigned from E387 by removing the irregularities in the surface curvature distributions and keeping a nearly identical
geometry. Flow vorticity magnitude of both aerofoils, along with the spectra of the vertical fluctuating velocity component and noise level, are analysed to demonstrate the bubble flapping process near the trailing edge and the vortex shedding phenomenon.
Findings – The paper provides quantitative insights about how the flapping process of the laminar separation bubble within the boundary layer near the trailing edge affects the aerofoil self-noise. It is found that the aerofoil A7 with smooth curvature distributions presents a 10% smaller laminar separation bubble compared to the aerofoil E387 at Reynolds number 100,000 and Angle of Attack 4-degree. The LES results also suggests that curvature distribution smoothing leads to a 6.5% reduction in overall broadband noise level.
Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to reveal the unknown flow structure and the boundary layer characteristics that resulted in the self-noise reduction phenomenon yielded by curvature distribution smoothing.

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